Diaphragms and caps

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Diaphragms and caps are barrier methods of contraception. Diaphragms are made from a type of soft rubber that fits inside the vagina, covering the cervix, the entrance to the womb . Caps tend to be smaller and more rigid than diaphragms. To be effective, diaphragms and caps need to be used with a spermicide. Spermicide contains a chemical that damages and destroys the sperm in semen.

A doctor or nurse will need to fit the diaphragm or cap initially to ensure that it is the right shape and size for you, and then you will be taught how to insert it properly. Some GPs and practice nurses will fit IUDs, but not all. Alternatively you can go to a family planning clinic or sexual health clinic.You can ask to see a female GP in your practice for contraception only.

A diaphragm or cap should be fitted before sex, and kept in for at least 6 hours afterwards. If you have sex more than 3 hours after insertion of the diaphragm, more spermicide needs to be inserted into the vagina.

There are three types of diaphragm available to women in the UK: flat, coil and arcing spring. There are also three types of cap: vault, cervical and vimule, although new varieties such as a silicone cap are becoming available. Diaphragms and caps are between 92% and 96% effective in preventing pregnancy, if used in conjunction with a spermicide. Spermicide is available in a variety of forms including pessaries (tablets placed in the vagina), creams, or jelly.