Causes of Emphysema

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Smoking is the most important known factor. The great majority of people with emphysema also have chronic bronchitis, and have been heavy cigarette smokers. Breathing in industrial pollutants can also contribute to the development of the condition.

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In about 2% of cases there is a genetic predisposition to emphysema. This type is called alpha antitrypsin deficiency emphysema. Alpha antitrypsin blocks the action of an enzyme that breaks down the walls of the alveoli.

More than 75 mutations of the gene for alpha antitrypsin have been found and the gene mutation is present in 1 child in 5000.