Causes of Malignant melanoma

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Melanomas are most common on areas exposed to the sun, but may occur anywhere on the skin. There is a definite link between sunbathing and the incidence of malignant melanomas. Probably the most dangerous type of sunbathing is a short, sharp period of intense exposure, either in a single day or over a short period such as a holiday. The larger the area of skin exposed, the greater the risk. Sunburn increases the risk. It is the ultraviolet (UV) part of sunlight that does the most damage.

Severe sunburn in childhood can significantly increase the chances of developing malignant melanoma in later life.

There also be a hereditary influence on the development of malignant melanomas, and where excessive exposure to the sun is not a possible cause, family history is suspected.

The presence of a large number of non-cancerous (benign) birthmarks amy also be a risk factor.