Health encyclopaedia

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Munchausen’s syndrome

Munchausen’s syndrome is a very rare condition where an individual either pretends to have symptoms that don’t really exist, or deliberately harms themselves to produce symptoms. They may pretend to have symptoms of a physical disorder, such as severe abdominal pains, so that they are repeatedly admitted to hospital. A series of investigations, including surgery, may be carried out to rule out various conditions.

When a person, usually a parent, induces or fakes the symptoms of an illness in another person, usually a child, this is known as Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII). The parent or carer may, for example, injure their child physically or with drugs or add contaminants to urine samples to simulate disease. They then seek medical care for the child. They may make up symptoms verbally or try to fake tests or records.  This condition used to be known as Munchausen’s by Proxy Syndrome.

The term Fabricated or Induced Illness includes all forms of harm, both physical and psychological. Broadening the definition of this condition helps healthcare professionals to recognize warning signs and to provide help earlier.  The motivation of the parent or carer does not need to be determined.

The mother is responsible for FII in the vast majority of cases. They often repeat illnesses in the same or similar forms with their other children unless the behaviour is spotted and stopped enough.

• Symptoms
• Causes
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

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