Diagnosis of Polycystic ovarian syndrome

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This is based on the symptoms and signs, the discovery of multiple cysts on ultrasound scanning, and hormonal blood tests. The cysts are two to eight millimetres in diameter. They often form a chain, described as the â€˜string of pearlsâ€™ sign. The affected ovaries are enlarged.

In many cases the blood levels of male sex hormones (testosterone and androstenedione) are raised well above their normal low values. The insulin levels are also often raised.

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