Causes of Thrush

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Thrush is caused by a fungus which is found widely in nature. It is frequently present in the mouth and the vagina and does not usually cause any symptoms.

The growth of Candida is normally kept under control by the presence of normal bacteria.

The growth of the fungus in the vagina is normally suppressed by both harmless bacteria and the immune system. However harmless bacteria in the vagina may be destroyed as a result of changes in levels of female sex hormones (this may occur during pregnancy, before periods or when taking the oral contraceptive pill), by taking antibiotics or using a spermicide. The fungus then multiplies which leads to symptoms.

Vaginal thrush can be passed on by having sexual intercourse with a partner who has a candida infection. Stress may trigger an episode of the condition.

Uncontrolled overgrowth of Candida in the mouth may be caused by factors that reduce the natural resistance such as taking oral antibiotics or inhaled corticosteroids. It can also be caused by poorly fitting dentures, excessive use of antibacterial mouthwash, and other factors such as iron deficiency. Oral thrush in infants is common and is usually not associated with other disease.