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Cancer of the lung癌症的肺

Lung cancers are cancers of the lining cells of the air tubes (bronchi).肺癌是癌症的内衬细胞的空气管（支气管） 。 The medical term for lung cancer is bronchial carcinoma.医疗任期为肺癌是支气管癌。

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in men and the third most common cancer in women, after cancer of the breast and colorectal cancer.肺癌是最常见的癌症，在男人和第三大最常见的癌症，在妇女后，癌症的乳癌及结直肠癌。 In 1998 there were around 38,800 new cases of lung cancer diagnosed in the UK, most of which occurred in people over the age of 45.在1998年有大约38800新例肺癌诊断在英国，其中大部分发生在人45岁以上。 In 2002, there nearly 29,000 deaths from lung cancer in the UK.在2002年，有近2.9万人死于肺癌，在英国。 The disease is the second most common cause of death in women, after breast cancer.这种疾病是第二个最常见的死亡原因，在妇女，乳腺癌术后。

There are different types of lung cancer depending on which type of cell in the lungs becomes cancerous.有不同类型的肺癌，视乎哪种类型的细胞在肺部成为癌变。

Lung cancer is uncommon before the age of 40.肺癌是罕见之前， 40岁。 Only about 1 case in 100 is diagnosed in people younger than 40.大约只有1例在100是诊断的人年龄小于40 。 The great majority of cases occur in people over the age of 60.绝大部份病例发生在人超过60岁。 Everyone with suspected lung cancer is entitled to see a specialist within two weeks of the GP deciding that they need to be seen urgently and requesting an appointment.每个人都怀疑肺癌有权看到一个专科两个星期内的GP的决定，他们需要看到迫切，并要求预约。

The lining cells of the air tubes in healthy lungs are tall (columnar), and the surfaces nearest the inside of the tube are covered with fine hairs (cilia) that move together.衬砌细胞的空气管，在健康的肺，身高（柱状） ，以及表面最接近的内管，布满毛发的罚款（纤毛）动议在一起。 The movement of the cilia acts to carry dust and smoke particles and other foreign material upwards and away from the deeper parts of the lungs.运动纤毛的行为进行粉尘和烟雾粒子和其他外国的物质向上脱离更深的部分肺部。

In people who smoke cigarettes, these important cells soon suffer three obvious changes:在人们谁吸用香烟，这些重要的细胞很快受到三个明显的变化：

  • first, the cilia disappear,首先，纤毛消失，
  • then the number of cells increases, and那么，细胞数目增加，
  • finally the cells become flattened, so that the columnar lining is replaced by an abnormal scaly layer.最后，细胞成为夷为平地，使柱状衬砌是取代一种不正常的鳞片层。

This may eventually develop into bronchial carcinoma.The more cigarettes are smoked, the more marked the early cell changes become.这最终可能发展成为支气管carcinoma.the更多香烟烟熏，更加明显的早期细胞的变化，成为。 The loss of cilia and flattening of the columnar cells occurs much more frequently in cigarette smokers than in those who smoke pipes or cigars.损失的纤毛和扁平化的柱状细胞发生更为频繁，吸烟者比在那些谁烟雾喉管或雪茄。 People who have given up smoking have fewer affected cells than smokers, and the number of affected cells becomes progressively less as the number of years of non-smoking increases.人谁放弃了吸烟，少受影响的细胞比吸烟者，以及一些受影响的细胞逐渐减少，因为数年，非吸烟增加。

Bronchial carcinoma may extend in various ways.支气管癌的可能延长在以各种方式。 The tumour may grow within the air tube (bronchus) until it causes obstruction and collapse of the part of the lung beyond it, or it may penetrate through the wall to invade the surrounding lung tissue and even the chest wall.肿瘤的增长也可能会与空气管（支气管） ，直到它的原因的阻碍和崩溃的部分肺以外的，或可能穿透墙壁入侵周围肺组织，甚至胸壁。

When this happens, the involvement of the nerves between the ribs, or of the ribs themselves, causes great pain.在这种情况下，参与神经之间的肋骨，或对自己的肋骨，造成极大的痛苦。 The tumour may spread into the partition between the lungs (the mediastinum) to involve the heart, the gullet (oesophagus), the windpipe (trachea), the large veins returning blood to the heart, or the nerves to the voice box (larynx).肿瘤可能会蔓延到该分区之间的肺（纵隔）涉及到的心， gullet （食道癌） ，气管（气管） ，大静脉血液回流至心脏，神经，或以声音框（喉） 。

Loss of the voice may be the first sign of lung cancer.损失的声音，可能是第一个签署肺癌。 Spread also occurs to nearby lymph nodes and, by way of the bloodstream, to the bones, brain, skin, liver and other organs.蔓延，也会发生向附近的淋巴结，并透过血液，骨骼，大脑，皮肤，肝脏和其他器官。

The outlook for people with lung cancer is not good.展望人民与肺癌是，也不是好事。 Only 20% of people are alive one year after being diagnosed with the disease, and only 8% survive for five years.只有20 ％的人活着的一年后，被诊断出这种疾病，只有8 ％的存活五年。