Health encyclopaedia - Alphabetical Topic List健康百科全书-按字母顺序排列的主题清单
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How is it performed?是如何表现呢？ of Hearing and vision tests for children听力和视力测试，为儿童
Hearing tests 听力测验
Newborn babies are usually screened using the otoacoustic emissions (OAE) test.初生婴儿通常甄别使用耳声发射（ oae ）的考验。 A tiny earpiece is placed in the baby’s outer ear and quiet clicking sounds are played through it.一小听筒是放置在婴儿的外耳和安静的点击声音是通过发挥它。 This should produce reaction sounds in a part of the ear called the cochlea, and the computer can record and analyse these.这应该产生反应的声音的一部分，耳朵被称为耳蜗，计算机可以记录和分析这些。 It is painless and can be done while the baby is asleep.这是无痛性和可以做的，而婴儿入睡。
Sometimes clear results are not obtained from the OAE test.有时明确的结果是没有得到从oae的考验。 A different method can be used, called the automated auditory brainstem response (AABR).不同的方法可以用来，所谓的自动听性脑干反应（ aabr ） 。 Small sensors are placed on the baby’s head and neck, and soft headphones are placed over the ears.小型传感器放置在婴儿的头部及颈部，和软耳机放在耳朵。 Quiet clicking sounds are played through the earphones and a computer analyses the response in the brain, using information from the sensors.安静点击声音是发挥通过耳机和电脑分析反应在大脑中，利用信息从传感器。
A health visitor carries out a distraction test for infants up to about 7 or 8 months old.一个健康的访客进行了测试分心，婴幼儿最多可有大约7个或8个一岁零三个月。 If hearing is normal, the child will turn his or head to respond to the noise.如果听证会是正常的，儿童将他的头部或回应的噪音。 In children 2 years and old, the health visitor may test hearing by whispering the name of an object.在儿童二年旧，卫生访问者可能测试的听证会窃窃私语的名称，一个对象。 The child has to point to the correct object.儿童以指向正确的对象。 This is called the McCormick Toy Test.这是所谓的麦考密克玩具测试。
At school age (between 4 and 5) all children should have the hearing ‘sweep’ test.在学校，年龄（之间的第4和第5 ）所有儿童都应该有听证会'扫'的考验。 This an audiogram test across the main speech frequencies (high and low pitches) and using sounds of different volumes (loudness), which are played through earphones.这是一个听力测试全国主要演辞中频率（高和低球场）和使用的声音，不同的容积（响度） ，这是发挥透过耳机。 The child has to indicate whether they have heard them, or perform various actions depending on the type of noise.儿童已表明他们有否听到他们，或执行的各种行动的类型而噪音。
Vision tests 视力测试
The eyes of newborn babies are examined for any obvious physical defects, include cross-eyes, cloudiness (a sign of cataracts), and redness.眼中的新生婴儿是检查任何明显的身体缺陷，包括两岸的眼睛，混浊（的一个标志性白内障） ，和发红。
- The pupil reflex is checked by shining a light into each eye from a distance of 10cm.瞳孔反射检查的光辉轻到每个眼睛从距离10厘米。 The pupils should automatically shrink in response to brightness.学生应该会自动萎缩，在回应的亮度。
- A test called eliciting the red reflex is carried out using a magnifying instrument with a light on the end, called an opthalmoscope.测试所谓的征求红色反射进行了使用放大镜文书与光照对年底，所谓的一opthalmoscope 。 Light is directed into the baby’s eyes and a red reflection should be seen as the light is reflected back.轻是指示进入婴儿的眼睛和一个红色的思考应该被看作是轻是反映回。 If the reflection is white instead, the child should be referred to a specialist immediately, as it can be a sign of a cataract or other eye condition.如果思考是白色的，而是儿童，应交由专家立即，因为它可以是一个迹象，白内障或其他眼条件。
- To test whether the newborn baby pays attention to visual objects, the midwife or doctor catches the baby’s attention with an interesting object such as a face, then moves it and sees if the child’s eyes follow.以测试是否有新生婴儿的重视可视对象，助产士或医生的渔获婴儿的注意，一个有趣的物体，如人脸，然后移动它，并认为如果孩子的眼睛。
In older babies and toddlers up to around 2 years, the focus and sharpness of eyesight can be checked using the rolling ball test.在较旧的婴儿和学步儿童多达约二年， 重点和锐度视力检查可以使用滚动球的考验。 This involves rolling differently sized white balls rolled across the floor, and shows the range of vision and how small an object can be spotted.这涉及到轧制不同大小的白球滚全国楼，并显示的视线范围，以及如何小物件，可以发现。 Another simple test is to use small blocks or tiny objects like buttons, to find out whether the child can see them and reaches for them.另一项简单的测试是使用小砌块或细小的物体一样，按钮，找出孩子是否可以看到他们达到他们。 Each eye can be tested separately by covering the other with a patch.每个眼睛可以测试分别涵盖其他与修补程序。 Older children can be asked to count the number of fingers held up.年龄较大的儿童可以要求计数的数目手指举行。 From age 5 years, charts with rows of letters of decreasing sizes can be held up at a distance of several metres, and the child reads out as many of the letters as he or she can see.从年龄五年，图表与行的信件降低大小能如期举行，在距离数米，儿童读出许多的信件作为他或她能看到的。 These charts are called Snellen charts or logMAR cards.这些图表被称为snellen图表或logmar卡。
To test the range of movement of each eye, the child’s attention is drawn to an interesting object, which is then moved to eight positions: up, down, left, right, and half-way in between each of these points.测试范围运动的每只眼睛，儿童的提请注意的是，以一个有趣的对象，然后转移到八的位置：上，下，左，右，及中途宿舍在彼此间的上述各点。 The test involves checking how well each eye follows and how far the movement of the eye stretches in each direction.试验涉及的检查，以及如何在每只眼睛的如下，并有多远运动的眼睛延伸，在每个方向。
In children 5 years and older, the visual field is often tested with the ‘wiggly finger’ test.在五年的儿童和老年人， 视野往往是测试与' wiggly手指'的考验。 Each eye is covered in turn, and the examiner gradually brings a wiggly finger into the child’s field of vision.每个眼睛是涵盖在反过来，和考官逐步带来了wiggly手指探入儿童的视野。
Colour blindness (colour vision deficiency) tests are not carried out at primary school age, but usually around age 11 if a problem is suspected. 彩色的盲目性 （彩色视觉缺乏症）的测试没有进行在小学的年龄，但通常11岁左右，如果一个问题是怀疑。 These use the Ishihara colour vision tests, which involve images made up of two different colours of dots.这些使用石原肤色视力测试，其中涉及图像作出了两种不同颜色的点。 If colour vision is normal, the child will be able to recognise the letter or number that is highlighted.如果颜色的视觉是正常的，儿童将能明白的字母或号码是突出。 A child who cannot tell the difference between two colours (such as red and green) and therefore cannot see the picture, may have a colour vision problem.孩子谁不能告诉之间的差额两种颜色（如红色和绿色） ，因此无法看到图片，可能有颜色视觉的问题。
