Health encyclopaedia - Alphabetical Topic List健康百科全书-按字母顺序排列的主题清单

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When should it be done?应该在什么时候，它做什么？ of Immunisation对接种疫苗

Most vaccinations are given during childhood. Some are given more than once to maintain the level of antibodies – this ‘top-up’ is called a booster.大多数疫苗接种，给出了在童年，有些是由于一次以上，才能维持抗体水平â € ： “这â € 〜顶upâ € ™是所谓的一支强心针。

Childhood vaccinations: the recommended timetable 儿童接种疫苗：建议的时间表

At two, three and four months old:在二，三及四个月岁：

  • Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated polio vaccine and Hib (DTaP/IPV/Hib)白喉，破伤风，无细胞百日咳，灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗和b型流感嗜血杆菌（ dtap / ipv /乙型流感嗜血杆菌）
  • Meningitis C脑膜炎c

At around 13 months:在约13个月：

  • Measles, Mumps and Rubella (German Measles) (MMR)麻疹，腮腺炎和风疹（德国麻疹） （混合）

3 to 5 years (pre-school): 3至5年（学前） ：

  • Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated polio vaccine (DTaP/IPV)白喉，破伤风，无细胞百日咳，灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（ dtap / ipv ）
  • Measles, Mumps and Rubella (German Measles) (MMR)麻疹，腮腺炎和风疹（德国麻疹） （混合）

13 to 18 years: 13日至18年：

  • Diphtheria, tetanus and inactivate polio vaccine (Td/IPV)白喉，破伤风和灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（运输署/ ipv ）
  • Polio脊髓灰质炎

Adult vaccinations are given in specific situations: 成人接种疫苗，给出了在特定情况下：

  • Tetanus – providing that the childhood vaccinations are up-to-date, a tetanus booster is only required for people who are at risk of contracting tetanus following injury.破伤风â € “规定的童年接种疫苗是切合时宜，破伤风强心针，只是所需的人谁是风险承包破伤风以下损伤。
  • Polio – boosters are advised every 10 years for health care workers who may be exposed to the disease.脊髓灰质炎â € “的助推器，宜每10年为医护工作者谁可能会接触到这种疾病。
  • Flu vaccine and/or pneumococcal vaccine is offered routinely to those over 65 years, and to other individuals at risk from flu or invasive pneumococcal disease.流感疫苗和/或肺炎球菌疫苗是提供定期向那些65岁以上，并面临风险的其他个人从感或侵入性肺炎球菌病。
  • Hepatitis B is offered to people who may come into contact with the disease, eg health care workers. B型肝炎是提供给谁的人可能接触到这种疾病，如卫生保健工作者。

The new BCG immunisation programme (against TB) now identifies and vaccinates babies and older people who are most likely to catch TB, especially in those living in areas with a high rate of TB or whose parents or grandparents were born in a country where TB is common.新卡介苗免疫接种计划（预防结核病） ，现在确定和vaccinates婴儿和老年人的人谁最有可能赶上结核病，尤其是在那些生活在地区与高企的结核病或其父母或祖父母出生在该国结核病是共同的。 BCG is no longer routinely given to children aged 10-14 years.卡介苗是不再经常给儿童10-14岁年。

Vaccinations are available to people travelling to areas where they may be exposed to serious diseases such as malaria, typhoid or yellow fever.  Consult your GP well in advance of your departure for advice regarding which vaccines will be required for your trip.接种疫苗是提供给人们前往的地方，他们可能会接触到严重的疾病，如疟疾，伤寒或黄热病。谘询你的家庭医生，以及在推动您的离境的意见，其中关于疫苗将需要您的旅程。

Depending on the disease being vaccinated against, the protection lasts from a few months to lifelong immunity.  The effectiveness of each vaccination varies from near total protection (for example, MMR with pre-school booster) to only partial protection from some diseases (eg typhoid fever).根据对有关疾病的接种疫苗对，保护持续从数个月，终身免疫力。成效，每个接种疫苗不同，从几乎完全的保护（例如，混合与学前助推器）只是局部的保护，某些疾病（如伤寒发烧） 。