Health encyclopaedia - Alphabetical Topic List健康百科全书-按字母顺序排列的主题清单
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Treatment of Incontinence, urinary治疗尿失禁，尿
Stress incontinence 应力性尿失禁
Pelvic floor exercises (also known Kegel exercises) are the best way to help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.盆底肌运动（也称为凯格尔运动）是最好的方式帮助加强盆底肌肉。 Your GP may refer you to a continence advisor or physiotherapist for advice.你的家庭医生可能会转介您到一个可控的顾问或物理治疗师的意见。 You can get vaginal cones (small, plastic, cone-shaped weights) that you hold inside your vagina to help you do pelvic floor muscle exercises.你可以阴道锥（小，塑料，锥形度量衡） ，您持您的阴道内，以帮助您做骨盆底肌肉练习。 They are available from some pharmacies.他们可从一些药房。
Some people may be referred for treatment with electric stimulators.有些人可能被转介治疗与电刺激。 These are used on your pelvic floor muscles to help increase their strength.这些都是用在您的盆底肌肉，以帮助提高其强度。
Some women find that addition oestrogen improves the strength and elasticity of their muscles, so HRT (hormone replacement therapy) may be a consideration.有些妇女发现，除了雌激素，提高了强度和弹性，他们的肌肉，使雌激素（激素替代疗法）可能是一个考虑。
In some cases, but only if other treatment has not worked, your GP may refer you for surgery.在某些情况下，但只有当其他治疗未能奏效，你的家庭医生可能会转介您手术。 The surgical procedures used to treat stress incontinence include:手术程序，用来治疗应力性尿失禁包括：
- Colposuspension. colposuspension 。 This is an operation to lift your bladder neck.这是一个行动，以解除您的膀胱颈。 The surgeon makes a cut in your lower abdomen and puts stitches through the walls of the bladder neck.外科医生作出了削减在您的下腹部，并把缝线通过的墙壁上膀胱颈。 You will be in hospital for about a week.您将在医院接受大约一个星期。 A laparoscopic colposuspension is the same procedure using keyhole surgery. 1腹腔镜胆囊切除术colposuspension是相同的程序使用锁孔手术治疗。
- Bladder neck injections.膀胱颈部注射。 Injections of collagen or another synthetic material are put into the wall of the urethra to strengthen it.注射胶原蛋白或其他合成材料投入的墙上，尿道，以加强它。 It can be performed under local or general anaesthetic.它可以执行下，本地或全身麻醉。 Results will probably only last a few years and the procedure may need to be repeated.结果将可能只是最后几年和程序可能需要重复。
- Vaginal repair – this is surgery to lift the bladder neck.阴道修复â € ： “这是外科手术，以解除膀胱颈。 This procedure is usually only used on women who have had a prolapse (part of your vagina and bladder drop).这个程序通常只用于对妇女谁已脱垂（的一部分，您的阴道和膀胱下降） 。
- Bladder neck suspensions – this also raises the bladder neck, using stitches through the urethra and attached above the muscle in the abdominal wall.膀胱颈悬浮â € ： “这也引起膀胱颈，用缝线通过尿道和重视上述肌肉在腹壁。
- Sling procedures - a sling is inserted to support the neck of the bladder and the urethra.吊索程序-吊索插入支持的颈部膀胱和尿道。 If you have this procedure, you will be in hospital for about 5-6 days. More recently, this technique has been performed using tension-free vaginal tape (TVT).如果你有这个程序，您将在医院为约5-6天。最近，这项技术已被采用无张力阴道吊带（ tvt ） 。 This involves placing a U-shaped piece of synthetic tape underneath the urethra and stitching it to the abdominal wall.这涉及到放置一个U形一块合成磁带下尿道和拼接到腹壁。 It can be done with local or general anesthetic.这是可以做到的与当地或一般麻醉。 Recovery time is fairly quick.恢复时间是相当快速。 You can go home after 1-3 days and you can get back to your usual activities quite quickly.你可以回家后1-3天，你可以回到您的惯常的活动相当迅速。
After surgery you will probably have to have a catheter in for a week or so.手术后，你可能会必须有一个导管，在一个星期或如此。 This is a thin tube that drains away your urine.这是一个薄管的排水渠远离你的尿液。 Some women have problems emptying their bladders after surgery but usually this is only temporary.有些妇女有问题，他们的排空膀胱手术后，但通常这是只是暂时的现象。 You may be advised to see a physiotherapist for a while.您可能会建议看到一个物理治疗师了一段时间。 You should avoid any unnecessary exertion for at least three months.你应该避免任何不必要的消耗，在至少3个月。
Urge incontinence 急迫性尿失禁
The best way to improve urge incontinence may be to retrain the bladder.最好的方法，以改善急迫性尿失禁，可提供再培训，膀胱。 This is also known as 'bladder drill'.这也称为'膀胱演习' 。 Over time, you can gradually stretch the bladder so that it can hold more urine.随着时间的推移，你可以逐渐舒展膀胱，以便它能够进行更多的尿液。 This means that you will have more time to get to the toilet after you feel the ‘urge’ and you are less likely to leak urine.这意味着，您将会有更多的时间去厕所后，您觉得â € 〜 urgeâ € ™和你是不太可能泄漏的尿液。 Your doctor, nurse, or continence advisor (a nurse specially trained to help people with incontinence) will explain how to do bladder retraining.你的医生，护士，或可控顾问（一名护士受过专门训练，以帮助人们与性尿失禁）将解释如何做膀胱再培训。
There are drugs available to relax the bladder by blocking certain nerve impulses.有药物可放宽膀胱通过阻断某些神经冲动。 These drugs are called anticholinergics and include oxybutynin, tolterodine, trospium chloride, and propiverine.这些毒品是所谓的抗胆碱药物，包括奥昔布宁，托特罗定， trospium氯化，并propiverine 。 They may have side effects such as a dry mouth, blurred vision and constipation so you should speak to your doctor about which one will suit you best.他们可能有副作用，例如作为一个口干，视力模糊和便秘，所以你应该发言，您的医生讨论哪一个会适合你的最好的。
If you have a bladder infection it may respond to treatment with antibiotics.如果您有膀胱感染，它可能会作出回应，用抗生素治疗。
Often, a combination of drugs and bladder retraining is the best treatment.通常，一个药物组合和膀胱再培训是最好的治疗。 Surgery, or treatment with electric nerve stimulators, is occasionally used in the treatment of urge incontinence.外科手术，或治疗与神经电刺激，是偶尔常用于治疗急迫性尿失禁。
In the case of male overflow incontinence from prostate gland enlargement, the treatment is to relieve the outflow obstruction by an operation to remove part of the prostate.在该案件男性溢流性尿失禁，从前列腺的扩大，治疗是要减轻流出的阻挠行动，以消除部分的前列腺。
Special incontinence clothing, pads and urine collecting devices are available.特别尿失禁的服装，港口及机场发展策略和尿液收集装置可用。 Some people use a device that literally stops urine leaking out: a penile sheath for men or a barrier device that acts like a tampon for women. Call NHS Direct on 0845 4647 for details of your nearest continence service who can advise if you are eligible for free supplies.有些人使用的装置，从字面上站尿液渗漏出来：阴茎鞘的男子或一个无障碍的装置，行为像一个卫生棉条的妇女。呼吁国民保健服务直接对○八四五四六四七的详情，您最近的可控服务谁可以提供意见，如果您有资格为免费供应。
You should make sure that getting to the toilet in a hurry is easy and perhaps consider having a commode in your bedroom.您应该确保去厕所，在急急忙忙是很简单的考虑，也许有一个commode在您的卧室。
