Health encyclopaedia - Alphabetical Topic List健康百科全书-按字母顺序排列的主题清单
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| | N | | n | | | O | | o | | | P | | p | | | Q | |常见问题 | | | R | | 研究 | | | S | | | | | T | | 吨 | | | U | | u | | | V | | v | | | W | | 瓦特 | | | X | | x | | | Y | | y | |
Treatment of Insomnia治疗失眠
The first step of treatment is to diagnose any underlying causes, where relevant, and to treat these.第一步治疗是诊断的任何深层原因，在相关情况下，和对待这些。 For example, if insomnia is being caused by depression, then once the depression is treated, the insomnia will often disappear without further medical help.例如，如果失眠是抑郁症所造成的，那么，一旦抑郁症是治疗，失眠往往会消失，没有进一步的医疗帮助。
Non-drug treatments are usually the preferred first course of action.非药物治疗通常是首选的第一期培训班的行动。 These treatments can include:这些疗法可以包括：
- Counselling辅导
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (altering behaviour and thinking patterns)认知行为疗法（改变行为和思维方式）
- Referral to a clinical psychologist转介临床心理学家
- Problem-solving approaches to make the patient feel in control (for example, keeping a sleep diary)解决问题的办法，使病人觉得在管制（例如，保持睡眠日记）
- Lifestyle advice.生活方式的意见。 This includes restricting caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol; taking regular exercise; keeping regular times for sleeping and waking; maintaining good sleeping environment.这包括限制咖啡因，尼古丁，酒精，以例行性演习;保持定期的时间睡眠和觉醒;保持良好的睡眠环境。
- Patient education about sleep and relaxation.病人教育有关睡眠和放松。
Drug treatment may be considered in a number of cases, either because the symptoms are particularly severe, or to alleviate short-term insomnia, or because the non-drug treatments mentioned above have failed to have an effect.药物治疗可考虑在一些情况下，或者是因为症状特别严重，或以纾缓短期失眠，或者是因为非药物治疗上述未能有一个效果。
Short-acting benzodiazepines or the newer hypnotic 'Z drugs' are the current preferred drugs when drug treatment for insomnia is needed.短效苯二氮类药物或较新的催眠的Z药物是当前的首选药物，当药物治疗失眠是必要的。
- Z drugs are not a distinct drug group but have similar structure. z毒品是不是一个鲜明的药物组，但也有类似的结构。 Examples are Zopiclone, Zolpidem, and Zaleplon.的例子是佐匹克隆，唑吡坦，扎来普隆。
- Benzodiazepines should only be considered where insomnia is severe, disabling, or subjecting the individual to extreme distress.苯二氮类药物应只考虑哪里是严重失眠，禁用，或受个别极端的困扰。 All Benzodiazepines have hypnotic and anxiety-reducing (anxiolytic) effects.所有苯二氮类药物有催眠和焦虑减少（抗焦虑）的效果。
There is little difference between these two groups of drugs but the individual properties suit individual cases of insomnia in different ways.有差别不大这两批毒品，但个别物业的配合个别案件失眠以不同的方式。 Some have less addictive properties, some have less daytime effects, some work for a shorter period, and so on.一些较少有上瘾的性质，有些人白天少的影响，一些工作，为一期较短，等等。
Hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs, such as temazepam, should only be used when the anticipated period of treatment is short (for example during an illness, or an overnight stay in a busy hospital ward.).催眠和抗焦虑药物，如temazepam ，应该只能用来当预计一段时间的治疗是短期内（例如在一生病，或过夜停留在一个繁忙的医院病房） 。 Minimal effective dosage should be used and for a maximum period of one week, wherever possible.最低有效剂量，应使用和最长期限为一周，只要有可能。
These drugs have many side effects and it is easy for people to become dependent on them.这些药物有很多副作用，这是很容易的人成为依赖于他们。 Hypnotics lead to a kind of drug-induced hangover, with daytime drowsiness and increased chance of accidents; they also have a high incidence of dependence even after a short term course and withdrawal has adverse effects (rebound insomnia).安眠药，导致1种药物诱导的宿醉，与白天嗜睡和增加的机会，发生意外的机会;他们也有发病率高的依赖，甚至后，短期课程，并撤回了不利影响（反弹，失眠） 。 Patients need to be warned of side effects and if the treatment is started in hospital during a short stay, it should not be automatically continued by the GP.患者需要被警告的副作用，如果治疗是开始在医院期间，短暂停留，便应不会自动继续由GP的。
Other types of drugs, including barbiturates, sedative antidepressants, and antipsychotic drugs, are less preferred because of their side effects (which range from gastric irritation to high risk of addiction).其他种类的毒品，包括巴比妥类，镇静抗抑郁药，抗精神病药物，较少的首选，因为它们的副作用（范围从胃的刺激，以高风险的成瘾） 。 These may be prescribed if other drugs are being taken or for particular types of insomnia, but are generally found to be less effective.这些可予订明如果其他药物，现正采取或为特定类型的失眠，但通常发现不那么有效。
An alternative remedy for insomnia is valerian, a herbal medicine that has some reported positive effects but has not been exhaustively clinically investigated.另一种补救措施，失眠是缬草，中药有一些报道的正面效果，但没有得到彻底的临床调查。 Other drugs that are reputed to help are kava kava and melatonin, but neither of these are available for use in the UK.其他药物是被誉为帮助是卡瓦卡瓦和褪黑激素，但都没有，这些都是可供利用，在英国。
