Health encyclopaedia 健康百科全书

Health encyclopaedia - Alphabetical Topic List健康百科全书-按字母顺序排列的主题清单

Kidney stones肾结石

Urine is a solution of various waste substances the body doesn’t need.尿液是解决各种废物的物质身体doesnâ € ™吨的需要。 Normally, there is plenty of water to keep these substances dissolved.一般情况下，有大量的水，以保持这些物质的溶解。 Sometimes these substances are present in such high concentration that crystallization occurs.有时，这些物质是在目前这种高浓度的结晶发生。 This is more likely when the body is short of water (dehydration) and the urine becomes concentrated.这是更有可能时，身体缺水（脱水）和尿液成为集中。

Once a small crystal has formed, it acts as a seed for further crystallization and, in this way, stones (calculi) can grow to a large size, sometimes completely filling the upper part of the urine collecting system of the kidney.一旦一个小晶体已形成，它作为种子作进一步的结晶，并在这方面的方式，结石（结石） ，可以成长为一个大的规模，有时完全填满的上半部分尿液采集系统的肾脏。 Because of the shape of the collecting system, these stones are called ‘staghorn’ calculi.由于形状的采集系统，这些石头被称为â € 〜 staghornâ € ™结石。

Kidney stones can move to lower down in the urinary system: to the ureters which carry urine down to the bladder, or in the bladder itself.肾结石可以搬到降低，在泌尿系统：向输尿管进行尿液到膀胱，或在膀胱本身。 Small stones (the size of a grain of sand) may be passed out through the tube from the bladder to the exterior (the urethra).小结石（大小相当于一一粒沙子） ，可通过通过管从膀胱向外部（尿道） 。 Bigger stones may not be passed out, and can get stuck anywhere along the urinary system, depending on their size.更大的石块，可能不会获得通过，并可以在任何地方碰到困难，沿着泌尿系统，根据其大小。

• Symptoms 症状
• Causes 原因
• Diagnosis 诊断
• Prevention 预防
• Complications 并发症
• Treatment 治疗

• Kawasaki disease 川崎病 Ketosis 酮症 Kidney failure 肾功能衰竭 Kidney infection 肾感染 Kidney stones 肾结石 Kidney transplant 肾移植 Knee replacement 膝关节置换术 Knock knee 敲膝盖 Kyphosis 脊柱后凸

  ---