Health encyclopaedia - Alphabetical Topic List健康百科全书-按字母顺序排列的主题清单
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When should it be done?应该在什么时候，它做什么？ of Liver transplant肝脏移植
The liver performs many functions to keep us healthy.肝脏执行的许多功能，让我们的健康。
These functions include:这些职能包括：
- controlling levels of fats in the blood,控制水平的脂肪在血液中，
- storing vitamins and minerals,储存维生素和矿物质，
- breaking down food and turning it into energy,打破了粮食和把它转化为能源，
- and dealing with and breaking down alcohol.和处理，并打破了酒精。 It is one of the largest and most complex organs in the body.这是一个最大和最复杂的器官在人体中。
A healthy liver can repair itself from infection and from the effect of alcohol or drugs.一个健康的肝脏可以自行修复，从感染和影响，从酒精或药物。 However, liver cells can be gradually destroyed if too much strain is placed on it.然而，肝细胞可以逐步摧毁，如果太多的应变是对它寄予。 This can cause chronic (long-term) liver disease such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer and alcohol-related illnesses.这可能会导致慢性（长期）肝脏疾病如肝炎，肝硬化，肝癌和酒精有关的疾病。
There are treatments available for the symptoms of liver disease.有治疗可用于症状肝脏疾病。 A transplant will only be considered if these treatments are no longer helpful, or if liver disease is at an advanced or irreversible stage and your life is at risk.移植手术将只考虑如果这些疗法已不再是有帮助的，或者如果肝脏疾病是一种先进的或不可逆转的阶段，您的生命处于危险之中。
Liver transplants will be considered for patients with the following conditions:换肝手术，将被视为病人符合以下条件：
- Acute (short-term) liver disease where the patient has liver failure, including viral hepatitis.急性（短期）肝脏疾病如病人有肝功能衰竭，包括病毒性肝炎。
- Chronic (long-term) liver disease such as alcoholic liver disease, biliary cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, some metabolic disorders (wilson’s disease) and sclerosing cholangitis.慢性（长期）肝脏疾病，如酒精性肝病，胆汁性肝硬化，慢性肝炎，自身免疫性肝炎，一些代谢性疾病（ wilsonâ € ™病）和硬化性胆管炎。
The reasons why a certain patient may need a transplant vary and the timing of the procedure is often difficult due to the patient’s condition and because there is a shortage of donors.为何某病人可能需要一个移植的不同和时间的程序，往往难以因应patientâ € ™病情，并因为有一个短缺的捐助者。
Reasons for not doing a transplant may be if the patient is not mentally and emotionally committed to having surgery or if other diseases are present in the body.为何不这样做移植手术，可如果病人是不是在精神上和情绪上承诺过外科手术或其他疾病，如果是，目前在人体内。 For example, cancer of another organ, cancer in the liver, severe infection (sepsis), and HIV infection.例如，癌症的另一个器官，癌症在肝脏，严重感染（败血症） ，和艾滋病毒的感染。
A detailed assessment is used to see if a liver transplant is an appropriate treatment and that all other medical treatments have been considered.详细的评估，是用来看到，如果一个肝脏移植是一个适当的治疗和所有其他医疗曾考虑过。 The assessment will involve various tests such as:这项评估将涉及经受住各种考验，如：
- blood tests,抽血化验，
- to test how your liver is functioning and for any viruses or bacterial infections,如何测试您的肝脏是运作和为任何病毒或细菌感染，
- a liver biopsy, where a small amount of liver tissue is removed to be examined,一肝活检，其中少量的肝脏组织中删除，以进行审查，
- chest X-rays,胸部X光片，
- a dental examination (it is important that your gums and teeth are healthy),牙科检查（这是很重要的，您的牙龈和牙齿是健康的） ，
- breathing tests, to check how well your lungs are working,呼吸测试，以检查如何，以及您的肺工作，
- and an endoscopy, which is an abdominal ultrasound scan that can look at the blood-flow through your liver.和一个内视镜检查，这是一个腹部超音波扫描，可以看看在血液流经你的肝脏。
During the assessment you will also be told about the risks and benefits of a liver transplant and have the chance to ask questions.在评估时，您也会被告知有关的风险和益处进行肝脏移植，并有机会发问。
The assessment will involve a stay in hospital and if it is decided that a transplant is necessary, you will be placed on the waiting list for a suitable donor.评估工作将涉及留在医院的话，这是决定移植手术是必要的，您会被放置在轮候名单上一个合适的捐赠者。
The wait for a suitable donor could be anything from hours to months, even years.等待一个合适的捐赠者可以从任何时间个月，甚至数年。 A suitable liver will be matched to you by the blood group, height, weight and body size of the donor .一个合适的肝脏将匹配给你的血型，身高，体重和体尺的捐助者。 When a suitable donor is found, you should be ready to get to the hospital in a matter of hours so the transplant can take place soon after the new liver is removed from the donor’s body.当一个合适的捐赠者发现，你应该准备好要到医院在数小时内使移植可以采取的地方后不久，新的肝脏是从donorâ € ™ S车身。 Donated organs can be kept for around 20 hours after they have been removed from the donor.捐赠器官可维持约20小时后，他们已被调离捐助者。
