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Causes of Mastitis原因乳腺炎

Mastitis happens most often during breastfeeding.乳腺炎的发生往往是在母乳喂养。 It is often caused by an infection that enters the breast through a crack or a break in the skin of the nipple.它往往是造成感染进入乳腺通过裂纹或休息，在皮肤的乳头。 The most common bacteria involved is Staphylococcus aureus, but other bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermis and Streptococci are sometimes the cause.最常见的细菌所涉及的是金黄色葡萄球菌，但其他细菌如金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌表皮有时事业。

Bacteria such as these are found commonly on the skin but they only cause harmful infections if they get inside the body.细菌等，这些都是常见的发现对皮肤，但他们只是会造成有害的感染，如果他们身体内。 They may come from the mother’s own skin or from the baby’s skin (especially if the baby has a skin infection).他们可能来自motherâ € ™自身的皮肤或从babyâ € ™皮肤（尤其是如果婴儿有皮肤感染） 。 Good hygiene measures such as regular washing will help prevent bacteria from multiplying on the skin, and will lower your chances of getting an infection.良好的卫生措施，如经常洗手，有助于防止细菌从乘以对皮肤，会降低您的机会得到一感染。

Mastitis can also happen during breastfeeding if your breast is not emptying fully at each feed.乳腺炎也可以发生在母乳喂养，如果您的乳房是不完全排空在每个饲料。 This may happen if the baby is not latching on properly to your nipple.这可能发生，如果婴儿是不是闭锁关于妥善到您的乳头。 The breasts then become swollen, lumpy and sore, but symptoms are not as severe as when infection is involved.乳房，然后成为肿胀，结节和喉咙痛，但症状不严重时，感染的是参与。 If a milk duct in your breast becomes blocked and infected, the same symptoms can happen, but will be localised around the part of the breast containing the blocked duct.如果牛奶胆管在您的乳房成为封锁和感染，同样的症状可能发生，但会局部性的周围部分乳腺载有胆管阻塞。

Mastitis that is not linked to breastfeeding can happen for a number of reasons:乳腺炎是没有联系母乳喂养可以发生，有几个原因：

  • Infection elsewhere in the body, with bacteria or with viruses such as the mumps virus, can then spread to the breast;感染其他方面的机构，与细菌或病毒如腮腺炎病毒，然后蔓延到乳房;
  • Serious diseases such as tuberculosis, syphilis or actinomycosis can cause chronic (long-term) mastitis, when the germs travel to the breasts;严重的疾病，如肺结核，梅毒或菌可导致慢性（长期）乳腺炎，当细菌旅行乳房;
  • Smoking greatly increases your chances of a type of mastitis called periductal mastitis, which causes pain and redness around the nipple;吸烟大大增加了您的机会， A型乳腺炎的所谓periductal乳腺炎，从而导致疼痛及发红靠近乳头;
  • Nipples can become sore and infected if they rub against clothing, for example through vigorous exercise such as jogging, particularly if you do not wear a supportive bra;奶嘴可以成为喉咙痛和感染，如果他们擦对服装，例如通过剧烈运动，如慢跑，特别是如果你不穿胸罩的支持;
  • Piercings break the skin of the nipple and if they are not kept clean then infections may enter the body during the healing process.打破穿透皮肤及乳头，如果他们没有保持清洁，然后感染可能进入人体，在愈合过程。

The skin of the breast can also be affected by a skin condition called cellulitis, which causes similar symptoms of swelling, soreness, and fever.皮肤的乳房也可以受皮肤状况所谓蜂窝组织炎，从而导致类似的症状肿胀，酸痛，发烧等。

You are more likely to have infections if your skin has been damaged by previous surgery or radiotherapy, if your immune system is not very strong because you have had chemotherapy or have an immunodeficiency condition such as lupus, or if you have poor personal hygiene.你更可能有感染，如果你的皮肤已经损毁前外科手术或放射治疗，如果您的免疫系统是不是很强烈，因为你已经化疗或有免疫缺陷的条件，如红斑性狼疮，或如果您有穷人的个人卫生。