Health encyclopaedia - Alphabetical Topic List健康百科全书-按字母顺序排列的主题清单
| | A | | 1 | | | B | | b | | | C | | 人才招聘 | | | D | | | | | E | | 电子 | | | F | | f | | | G | | 克 | | | H | | h | | | I | | 我 | | | J | | j | | | K | | k | | | L | | 升 | | | M | | 米 | |
| | N | | n | | | O | | o | | | P | | p | | | Q | |常见问题 | | | R | | 研究 | | | S | | | | | T | | 吨 | | | U | | u | | | V | | v | | | W | | 瓦特 | | | X | | x | | | Y | | y | |
Obesity肥胖
Obesity is excess body fat for a given height and gender.肥胖是体内脂肪过剩，为某一特定的高度和性别。 It happens when more calories are taken into the body than are burnt up in a given period of time.它时会发生更多的热量，是考虑到身体比燃烧起来在一个特定的时间内。 Once adulthood is reached, everyone has a fairly steady rate of calorie burn-up, called the metabolic rate.一旦成年，是达成共识，每个人都有一个相当稳定的速率卡路里烧起来，所谓的代谢率。 This is higher in people who are regularly physically active.这是在较高的人谁是定期的体力活动。 This means that someone who works in a very physical job, such as a building-site labourer, may need as many as 4000–5000 calories per day to keep an even weight.这意味着有人谁工程，在一个非常物理的工作，例如作为一个建筑地盘工人，可能需要多达4000â € “ 5000卡路里，每天保持，甚至体重。 This contrasts with an office worker who uses a car and doesn’t exercise, who may need only 1500 calories per day.这与一上班族谁使用汽车和doesnâ € ™吨演习中，谁可能只需要1500卡路里每天。
If calories in food energy are greater than the calories used every day, the excess energy is stored by the body as fat.如果热量食品中的能源大于热量使用，每天过剩能量是储存在身体脂肪。 This is important as a protection for the body against times of starvation.这是一个重要的保护身体的时候，饥饿。 In developed countries, starvation is rare except in extreme circumstances, so this insurance against hard times is hardly ever needed.在发达国家，饥饿是罕见的，除非在极端情况下，所以这个保险对艰难的时刻是难以以往任何时候都需要。 Food is plentiful, and a lot of available food is much higher in calories than the human body was originally designed to cope with.食物丰富，有很多现有的食品高得多，在热量比人体原先设计，以应付。 The result is that eating more than the body needs is easy. Obesity has become one of the most serious medical problems of the western world.结果是吃多于身体所需要的是容易的。肥胖已成为一个最严重的医疗问题的西方世界。
Obesity can be measured in different ways:肥胖可以衡量不同的方式：
- An easy way is just to get on the scales and compare your actual weight with your ideal weight.一个简单的方法是刚刚获得上规模和比较您的实际重量与您的理想体重。 Any calorie-counting book will give this information.任何卡路里计数此书将给予这方面的资料。
- A more scientific way is to calculate your Body Mass Index (BMI). This is your weight in kilograms divided by the square of your height in metres. In England, people with a body mass index between 25 and 30 are categorised as overweight, and those with an index above 30 are categorised as obese.一个更科学的方法是计算出您的身体质量指数（ BMI ） 。这是你公斤计算的体重除以按平方你的身高在米。在英格兰，人们与身体质量指数之间的25日和30划分为超重，那些与指数上述30划分为肥胖。
- Modern gyms and some weighing scales can electronically measure the percentage of your body weight that is fat, and can compare this with what would be ideal for you.现代体育场馆和一些重电子秤，可衡量的百分比您的体重是脂肪，并能比较，这与会有什么理想的给你。
Careful research based on measurements over a period of 14 years in more than a million people has shown that the risk of death from all causes increases steadily as obesity increases in both women and men of all ages. Men with the highest BMI have three times the risk of dying in a particular year compared with men having a normal BMI.认真研究的基础上测量一个时期14年在100多万人已表明，死亡的风险由各种原因导致的增加，稳步增加，肥胖妇女和男子的所有年龄的男性具有最高的BMI有3倍死亡的风险在某一年内与男性相比有一个正常的体重指数。
A report from the World Health Organisation published in April 2001 indicates that obesity and lack of exercise contribute to up to one-third of all cancers of the colon, breast, kidney and stomach.报告由世界生组织2001年4月出版表明，肥胖和缺乏运动的贡献高达三分一的所有癌症的结肠癌，乳腺癌，肾和胃。 Obesity-related deaths are now second only to those related to smoking.与肥胖相关的死亡人数现在第二只向那些与吸烟有关。 Half of European adults are overweight.一半的欧洲成年人超重。
Obesity is not just an adult problem.肥胖不仅是成人的问题。 Recent studies have shown that over the period 1989–98 there was a rapid spread of obesity in England, the United States and elsewhere in the developed world.最近的研究表明，在这一期间1989â € “ 98有一个迅速蔓延的肥胖在英国，美国和其他国家在发达世界。
Among 3-to-4-year-old English children there was a 60 per cent increase in the prevalence of obesity. Early childhood obesity is a strong predictor of adult obesity and of serious health risks later in life.其中3至4岁儿童的英语有一个增加了60 ％的流行肥胖。早期儿童肥胖是一个强有力的预测成人肥胖和严重的健康风险在生命后期。
