Health encyclopaedia - Alphabetical Topic List健康百科全书-按字母顺序排列的主题清单
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Osteoporosis骨质疏松症
Osteoporosis is a condition that affects the bones, causing them to become thin and weak.骨质疏松症是一种状况，影响骨骼，使他们成为薄弱。 It happens more commonly in old age, when the body becomes less able to replace worn out bone.它发生的较为普遍，在老年时，身体变得不太能够取代破旧骨。 Special cells within the bones called living bone cells are no longer able to effectively break down old bone and renew it with healthy, dense (thick) new bone.特别细胞，骨头所谓的生活骨细胞不再能够有效地打破旧的骨和更新，它与健康，致密（厚）新骨。
As you get older, you also lose a certain amount of bone, causing the bones to become thinner.正如你年纪，你也失去了一定数额的骨，造成骨头成为更薄。 The bones become fragile and more likely to break, particularly the bones of the spine, wrist, and hips.骨头变得脆弱和更容易打破，特别是骨脊椎，手腕，髋关节。
Bone is a living tissue that is constantly repairing itself.骨是一个有生命的组织，就是不断修复本身。 It is made of a hard outer shell, which contains a mesh of collagen (tough elastic fibres), minerals, blood vessels and bone marrow.它是一个硬外壳，其中包含一个网状胶原（强硬的弹性纤维） ，矿物质，血管和骨髓。 This mesh looks a bit like a honeycomb, with spaces between the different parts.这个网格看起来有点像蜂窝，请用空格之间的不同部分。 Healthy bones are very dense, and the spaces within bones are small.健康的骨头非常密集，以及位的骨头小。 In bone affected by osteoporosis, the spaces are larger, making the bones weaker and less elastic.在骨受骨质疏松症，空间较大，使骨骼比较小，弹性。
Bones are repaired and reinforced by a range of proteins and minerals, which are absorbed from the bloodstream.骨修复和加固了一系列蛋白质和矿物质，这是吸收，从血液中。 This includes calcium, phosphorus, proteins and amino acids.这包括钙，磷，蛋白质和氨基酸。 The growth and sex hormones control the amount of mineral substance deposited in the bones.生长和性激素控制的数额矿产物质沉积在骨骼。 Changes in hormone levels can therefore affect the strength of the bones.变化的激素水平，因此可以影响的力量，骨头。 For example, the female hormone oestrogen offers some protection against osteoporosis.举例来说，女性荷尔蒙雌激素的保护提供了一些对骨质疏松症。 After the menopause, oestrogen levels fall, often causing the bones to thin quickly.后更年期，雌激素水平下降，往往造成骨头，以薄迅速。
Osteoporosis is very common and can be severe.骨质疏松症是非常普遍和严重的可以。 Approximately three million people in the UK have osteoporosis, and there are over 200,000 fractures every year as a result.约3万人，在英国有骨质疏松症，并有超过二十万骨折，每年作为一个结果。
