Health encyclopaedia 健康百科全书

Health encyclopaedia - Alphabetical Topic List健康百科全书-按字母顺序排列的主题清单

Treatment of Ulcerative colitis治疗溃疡性结肠炎

Medicines cannot cure ulcerative colitis but they can help to control symptoms and prevent complications.中药不能治疗溃疡性结肠炎，但他们可以帮助控制症状和预防并发症。 Treatment is usually considered in two phases: controlling an acute attack and then maintaining remission (control) of symptoms.治疗通常是考虑分两个阶段进行：一，控制急性发作，然后维持缓解（管制）的症状。

In an acute attack, when the condition is said to be active, the treatment aims are to control the inflammation, reduce symptoms, prevent complications and replace any lost fluids and nutrients.在一急性发作时，条件是说要积极，治疗目的是控制炎症，减少症状，预防并发症，并取代任何损失流体和养分。

Three types of medicine are used for treating an acute attack and for maintaining remission:三种类型的中药用于治疗急性发作一和维持缓解：

• Aminosalicylates (balsalazide, mesalazine, olsalazine, sulfasalazine) aminosalicylates （巴柳氮，美沙拉嗪，奥沙拉嗪，柳氮磺胺吡啶）
• Corticosteroids (budesonide, hydrocortisone, prednisolone).糖皮质激素（布地奈德，氢化可的松，强的松） 。
• Immunosuppressants (azathioprine, ciclosporin, mercaptopurine)免疫抑制剂（硫唑嘌呤，环孢素，巯基嘌呤）

Other medicines which may be used include:其他药物可用于包括：

• Laxatives and antidiarrhoeals laxatives和antidiarrhoeals
• Nutritional support营养支持

You will receive different combinations of treatment, depending on the stage and severity of the condition, the area(s) of the bowel affected and how you respond to treatment.您会收到不同的组合治疗，视第一阶段和严重程度的条件，该地区（ s ）的肠道受影响的以及您如何回应的待遇。

Treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis affecting the rectum and distal colitis usually begins with a rectal preparation (applied into the back passage) of either a corticosteroid or aminosalicylate.治疗轻，中度溃疡性结肠炎的影响直肠及远端结肠炎通常开始与直肠癌的制备（应用到回到通过）无论是皮质类固醇或氨基。

Enemas or suppositories or rectal foam may be used, depending on the area of bowel affected and what type will work best for you.灌肠或栓剂或直肠泡沫可使用，这取决于该地区的肠易激的影响和什么类型的工作将最适合您。 The advantages of rectal treatments are that the medicines are delivered directly to where they are needed and there is a reduced risk of side effects.的优势，直肠癌的治疗是药物直接传送到需要的地方，并有一个降低风险的副作用。

If symptoms do not improve enough, a course of oral (taken by mouth) corticosteroid treatment eg prednisolone for four to eight weeks or an oral aminosalicylate (eg mesalazine) may be given.如果症状不改善的话，一个疗程的口服（所采取的口）皮质类固醇治疗者，例如类固醇4至8个星期或口头氨基（如美沙拉秦）可能获得。 This may be in addition to rectal treatment you are already receiving.这可能是在除了直肠癌治疗您已经接受。

Your GP may refer you to a gastroenterologist (specialist in digestive system diseases) to assess the severity of your condition and to start the most appropriate treatment.你的家庭医生可能会转介您到一个gastroenterologist （专科在消化系统疾病） ，以评估的严重性，您的条件，并开始最适当的治疗。 Your GP may continue your care when it is safe and practical to do so, whilst you remain also under the care of the specialist.你的家庭医生可能会继续照顾你时，是安全和实用这样做，而你也仍然关怀下，专科。 If you have a severe attack which is difficult to control, you may need to be admitted to hospital for treatment with corticosteroid injections, fluid replacement and sometimes intravenous feeding (by a drip) and antibiotics.如果您有严重的攻击，这是难以控制的，您可能需要被接纳医院接受治疗与皮质类固醇注射，补液，有时静脉营养（由一个滴灌）和抗生素。

Aminosalicylates (eg balsalazide, mesalazine, olsalazine, sulfasalazine) are effective in treating active ulcerative colitis and for maintenance of remission. aminosalicylates （如巴柳氮，美沙拉嗪，奥沙拉嗪，柳氮磺胺吡啶）是有效的治疗活动期溃疡性结肠炎和维修缓解。 These may be given by the rectal and/or oral route.这些可能获得由直肠和/或口头的路线。 They can provide long-term relief from the symptoms of ulcerative colitis.他们可以提供长期救济，从症状溃疡性结肠炎。 Balsalazide, mesalazine and olsalazine have reportedly fewer side effects compared to sulfasalazine but all of these medicines are equally effective for the treatment of this condition.巴柳氮，美沙拉秦和奥沙拉嗪据报道，较少副作用相比，柳氮磺胺吡啶，但所有这些药物同样有效，用于治疗这种状况。

Corticosteroids (steroids) (eg budesonide, hydrocortisone and prednisolone) are used to treat acute, mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. 糖皮质激素（类固醇） （如布地奈德，氢化可的松和强的松龙）是用于治疗急性，轻度至中度溃疡性结肠炎。 They are available as enemas, suppositories or rectal foam.他们可作为灌肠剂，栓剂或直肠泡沫。 Steroid tablets or capsules (eg prednisolone or budesonide) may be needed when other treatments do not work.类固醇药丸或胶囊（如类固醇或布地奈德）可能需要时，其他治疗方法不工作。 Steroids are not suitable for maintenance treatment because their long- term use is associated with a higher risk of side effects.类固醇是不适合维持治疗，因为他们长期使用的是与风险较高的副作用。 There is less risk of serious side effects with rectal corticosteroids as they are not absorbed into the bloodstream in sufficient quantities.有不足的风险，严重的副作用与直肠癌皮质类固醇，因为他们不吸收进入血液，在足够的数量。

Immunosuppressants When the condition is difficult to control or it is difficult to reduce your oral steroid dose without relapse, an immunosuppressant such as azathioprine or mercaptopurine is used. 免疫抑制剂时的条件是难以控制或是很困难的，以减少您的口服类固醇剂量，没有复发，免疫抑制剂，如硫唑嘌呤或巯基嘌呤是使用。 They may be used in addition to an aminosalicylate for maintenance treatment and can take several weeks to become fully effective.他们可以用在除了一对氨基为维持治疗，可需要几个星期才能成为充分有效。 Ciclosporin is used in some specialist centres to treat acute, severe attacks of ulcerative colitis that have not responded to intravenous corticosteroids.环孢素是用在一些专科中心治疗急性，严重的攻击，溃疡性结肠炎有没有回应，以静脉注射糖皮质激素。 These are all very potent (strong) medicines and though effective, can have serious side effects so you will need regular blood tests and check ups whilst taking these to monitor your general health.这些都是非常有力的（强）的药品和虽然有效，可以有严重的副作用，所以您将需要定期抽血化验和检查的同时，考虑到这些监控您的一般健康。 You can discuss this further with your GP, pharmacist or NHS Direct on 0845 4647.您可以讨论此进一步与你的家庭医生，药剂师或国民保健服务直接对〇八四五四六四七。

Laxatives And Antidiarrhoeals Bulk forming laxatives (eg ispaghula husk) are sometimes needed to help you pass stools if you have colitis affecting the rectum (back passage) only. laxatives和antidiarrhoeals体积成形laxatives （例如ispaghula谷壳） ，有时需要帮助您通过凳子如果您有结肠炎的影响直肠（回到通过）只。 Anti-diarrhoeal medicines (eg loperamide or codeine) are sometimes needed to control diarrhoea occurring during remission (symptom controlled periods).抗腹泻药物（如洛哌丁胺或可待因） ，有时需要控制腹泻期间发生的缓解（症状控制期） 。 These must only be taken under the direction of a doctor as they may mask signs of deterioration.这些必须只能采取的指导下一名医生，因为他们可能掩盖恶化的迹象。 Although uncommon, this could include sudden bowel dilation or rupture (tearing or splitting.虽然少见，这可能包括突发性肠扩张或破裂（撕裂或分裂。

Nutritional Support You may need dietary advice and support, particularly during or just after an acute phase of the condition when you may not have been eating well or have poor absorption and/or increased loss of nutrients due to diarrhoea and fluid loss. 营养支持 ，您可能需要饮食的意见和支持，尤其是在后，抑或只是一个急性期的条件时，您可能没有被吃，以及或有穷人的吸收和/或增加损失的营养素由于腹泻和流体损失。 Limited dietary supplements are available, such as special foods that can be taken as a drink or sometimes frozen, added to soups etc. It is best if you obtain advice from a dietician to discuss your diet and the suitability of these supplements.有限的营养补充剂可用，如特殊的食品，可作为饮料或有时被冻结，再加上汤等，这是最好的如果您获取意见，由营养师讨论您的饮食和是否适合这些补充剂。 They can be obtained on a prescription from your doctor or bought from your pharmacy (chemist) but they are expensive if you require regular, large quantities.他们可以得到对处方从你的医生或购买从您的药剂（化验师） ，但他们十分昂贵，如果您需要经常，大量。 There is no clear evidence that diet has any effect on the treatment of ulcerative colitis.是没有明确的证据表明，饮食有任何作用，对治疗溃疡性结肠炎的。 It is however sensible to avoid foods that you appear to be sensitive to eg lactose in milk.不过，这是明智的，以避免食品，你似乎是敏感，例如，牛奶中乳糖。

Complementary Treatments Boswellia and chamomile herbal remedies and Chinese herbal medicines have been used to treat ulcerative colitis. 互补性的治疗 boswellia和甘菊草药和中药材的已用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎。 There is little evidence to prove how these complementary medicines work or how safe or effective many of them are.有什么证据，以证明如何将这些互补性药品的工作，或如何安全或有效的他们很多是。 Certain herbs and preparations contain ingredients that can be harmful if not used with care or if not obtained from reputable sources.某些中草药和准备工作包含的成分可以是有害的，如果不小心使用或如果没有获得信誉良好的合法来源。

Dietary supplements, which have been used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis include fish oils, glutamine and folic acid.营养补充剂，已被用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎，包括鱼油，谷氨酰胺和叶酸。 There is not enough evidence to prove how these supplements work or how safe or effective they are.有没有足够的证据来证明，如何将这些补充的工作，或如何安全或有效的，他们是。

Before using any complementary medicine for ulcerative colitis, you should talk to your GP or pharmacist (chemist).之前，使用任何辅助医学治疗溃疡性结肠炎，您应该谈谈你的家庭医生或药剂师（化验师） 。 You can also phone NHS Direct on 0845 4647.您也可以电话国民保健服务直接对零八四五四六四七。

Rest and Lifestyle Rest is important during an attack to allow healing to take place. 休息和生活方式，休息是很重要的在攻击，让愈合采取的地方。 It is also sensible to avoid stressful situations, which can make inflammation worse.这亦是明智的，以避免压力的情况下，它可以使炎症恶化。

Surgery If your ulcerative colitis symptoms are poorly controlled with medication and you have frequent flare-ups and you remain in poor health you may be referred for surgery. 手术如果您的溃疡性结肠炎的症状是控制不良与药物和你有频繁的耀斑- UPS与您留在健康欠佳，您可能会被转介接受手术。 Also if you have a life- threatening flare-up with a perforation or uncontrollable bleeding, surgery will be necessary.此外，如果您有危及生命的突发了一个穿孔或无法控制的出血，手术将是必要的。 Surgery will usually involve removing the affected colon (ileostomy).手术通常会涉及消除影响，冒号（ ileostomy ） 。 See the section on Ileostomy for further information.见一节ileostomy的进一步资料。

• Ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎 Ultrasound scan 超声波扫描 Urinary catheterization 导尿 Urinary tract infection 尿路感染 Uveitis 葡萄膜炎

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